Although a European patent granted by the European Patent Office (EPO) is issued as a single centralized registration, it must undergo a national phase following grant—requiring “validation” procedures in each individual country. This critical step is essential for the patent to remain legally enforceable within those jurisdictions.

One of the world’s most recognized and beloved brands, LEGO is not just a toy manufacturer but also a symbol of creativity, learning, and imagination. Originating from Denmark, this brand has been offering children and adults an unlimited world of play since 1932. One of the most striking aspects of LEGO’s brand journey is the evolution of its logo over time. In this article, we will examine the historical development of the LEGO logo, the changes it underwent, and the meanin

In recent years, intellectual property (IP) infringement has become an increasingly complex global issue, with infringers operating across multiple platforms and jurisdictions.

In today’s business world, brands have evolved beyond just logos or product names; they have become integrated ecosystems. A brand is not...

BMW's (Bayerische Motoren Werke) logo is not just a brand symbol in the automotive world but also a representation of history,...

Intellectual Property (IP) plays a critical role in modern business, both in securing competitive advantages and increasing revenue...

The concept of trademarking is essential in protecting a brand's identity, helping distinguish a company's goods or services from those...

The story of Turkish Airlines began on May 20, 1933, with a modest start of five aircraft and fewer than 30 employees. Established as the...

The Industrial Property Law No. 6769 (hereinafter referred to as the “IPL”), which is the main statute on trademarks in Turkish law,...